To measure the biological and physical effects of radiation on living matter, the absorbed dose or radiation absorbed dose was defined, which measures the number of ionizations produced by radiation as it passes through it.

The heaviest particles, with the same carrying energy as a light produce much more ionization.

It is measured in rad (radiation absorbed dose) and in the S.I., in gray.

They are defined as:

1 rad (radiation absorbed dose) equals 10 -5 J absorbed per gram of exposed matter.

In the S.I. the dose of absorbed radiation is the gray = J absorbed for each kg.
1 gray equals 100 rad.

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